Tessalon: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Warnings

Introduction

Tessalon, also known by its generic name benzonatate, is a non-narcotic oral antitussive medication used to relieve coughs caused by colds, influenza, and other breathing problems. As a cough suppressant, Tessalon works by numbing the throat and lungs, effectively reducing the cough reflex.

Medical Uses

The primary use of Tessalon is for the symptomatic relief of cough. It is commonly prescribed for coughs associated with colds, influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and asthma. Tessalon is particularly effective in treating dry, non-productive coughs that can cause discomfort and disrupt sleep.

Dosage and Administration

Tessalon is available as a capsule, typically in 100 mg and 200 mg strengths. The usual adult dose is 100-200 mg three times a day, not to exceed 600 mg in 24 hours. Pediatric dosing is weight-based, typically 10-25 mg per kg of body weight per day, divided into three doses. Tessalon should be swallowed whole and not chewed, dissolved, or crushed.

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Common side effects of Tessalon include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, and constipation. Rare but serious side effects can include severe allergic reactions, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm. Long-term use of Tessalon is not typically recommended due to the risk of developing tolerance and decreased effectiveness.

Precautions and Warnings

Tessalon should be used with caution in patients with a history of asthma, chronic lung disease, or allergies to local anesthetics like procaine or tetracaine. It should not be used in children under 10 years old or in patients with a known hypersensitivity to benzonatate. Pregnant and nursing women should consult their healthcare provider before using Tessalon.

Interactions with Other Medications

Tessalon may interact with other medications, particularly those that cause drowsiness or affect the central nervous system. These include alcohol, antihistamines, sedatives, tranquilizers, and certain pain medications. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking before starting Tessalon.

Mechanism of Action

Benzonatate, the active ingredient in Tessalon, is structurally related to local anesthetics like procaine and tetracaine. It works by numbing the stretch receptors in the lower respiratory tract, thereby reducing the cough reflex. This anesthetizing effect suppresses the urge to cough, providing relief from persistent coughing.

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After oral administration, benzonatate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-2 hours. Benzonatate undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, primarily by hydrolysis. The elimination half-life is approximately 3-4 hours, with the drug and its metabolites being excreted primarily in the urine.

Clinical Studies and Efficacy

Several clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of benzonatate in reducing cough frequency and severity compared to placebo. A systematic review of antitussive medications concluded that benzonatate is an effective treatment for cough, with a favorable safety profile compared to narcotic cough suppressants.

Generic Versions and Brand Comparisons

Benzonatate is available as a generic medication and under various brand names, including Tessalon Perles, Zonatuss, and Tessalon. Generic versions are typically less expensive but contain the same active ingredient and are bioequivalent to the brand-name versions.

Patient Information

Patients should take Tessalon exactly as prescribed by their healthcare provider. The capsules should be swallowed whole and not chewed, dissolved, or crushed. If a dose is missed, the patient should take it as soon as remembered unless it is close to the time for the next dose. Patients should not take extra medicine to make up for a missed dose.

Healthcare Professional Information

Healthcare professionals should consider the patient’s medical history, current medications, and potential allergies before prescribing Tessalon. They should provide clear instructions on proper dosage and administration, as well as educate patients on potential side effects and precautions. Periodic re-evaluation of the patient’s cough and response to treatment is recommended to assess the ongoing need for Tessalon.