Erythema ab igne: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

Introduction

Erythema ab igne, also known as toasted skin syndrome or fire stains, is a skin condition caused by chronic exposure to heat or infrared radiation ^[1] . The term “erythema ab igne” comes from Latin, meaning “redness from fire.” This condition is characterized by a reticulated or fishnet-like pattern of hyperpigmentation on the skin.

Causes

The most common cause of erythema ab igne is prolonged exposure to heat sources, such as:

• Hot water bottles
• Heating pads
• Space heaters
• Fireplaces
• Laptops ^[2]

Certain occupations, such as bakers and silversmiths, may also be at risk due to their exposure to heat.

Symptoms

Erythema ab igne typically presents as a mottled, reticulated, or fishnet-like pattern of hyperpigmentation on the skin. The affected area may be red, pink, or brown in color. Other symptoms may include:

• Itching
• Burning sensation
• Dryness
• Scaling

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of erythema ab igne is primarily based on the characteristic appearance of the skin and a history of chronic heat exposure. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions ^[3] .

Differential Diagnosis

Other conditions that may resemble erythema ab igne include:

• Livedo reticularis
• Cutis marmorata
• Poikiloderma
• Cutaneous vasculitis

Treatment

The primary treatment for erythema ab igne is to remove the heat source and avoid further exposure. In most cases, the skin changes will improve gradually over time. Other treatment options may include:

• Topical retinoids
• Hydroquinone cream
• Laser therapy

Prevention

Prevention of erythema ab igne involves avoiding prolonged exposure to heat sources. Some tips include:

• Using heating pads or hot water bottles for short periods
• Placing a cloth barrier between the skin and heat source
• Using a laptop on a desk or table instead of the lap
• Wearing protective clothing in occupations with heat exposure

Prognosis

The prognosis for erythema ab igne is generally good, with most cases resolving after the removal of the heat source. However, in some cases, the skin changes may be permanent. Rarely, chronic erythema ab igne may lead to the development of skin cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma ^[4] .

References

1. Erythema Ab Igne: An Old Condition in a New Era
2. Laptop Computer–Induced Erythema ab Igne
3. Erythema Ab Igne
4. Squamous cell carcinoma (Marjolin’s ulcer) arising in a sacral decubitus ulcer resulting from a spinal cord injury